For the Revolutionary War Our Family Turned it Up Above Eleven and Now We Need More

By Bob Ferris

I have butted heads with the so-called "patriot" groups over the years on various matters relating to the US Constitution, conservation practices, and public lands.  One group in particular drives me crazy: The 3 Percenters.  This para-military group claims to be the voice of those 3% of Americans who served in militias during the American Revolution.  This number is a little specious both in terms of a measure of patriotism (i.e., militia members being more patriotic than those in the Continental Army) and gross numbers as overall participation in this conflict was something like 15 percent.  It made me wonder where our family came out in this number and what that means now and in the future.

The Revolutionary War started in earnest 243 years ago.  As male generations are on average 35 years long, or 15 years longer than female generations, that means we should be talking about males in the seven or eight generation or between 64-128 potential soldiers in the Revolution.   As we have at least 17 Revolutionary War combatants in our tree or 13-26 percent of our expected pool that means that we might have collectively served a little less or a lot more than the average population at 15 percent.

But it is more complicated than that.   For one thing, males had to be a certain age (16-55) during a certain window of time (1775-1783) so we might have had some who were alive during war, but too old or too young.  This said we also had instances where both father and son served such as Declaration Signer Lewis Morris and Lt. William Walton Morris (not to be confused with his son Gen. William Walton Morris who served in the Civil War).   And we had a few who were not in the country at this time such as Patrick Ramsay (Scotland), William Poyntell (England), and Joseph Gales Sr. (England), the latter my family's most recent immigrant (1790s). 

David Deschler

Joseph Tatnall

Benjamin Chew

Also mainly through my great-grandmother Caroline Johnston Canby Ramsay on my father's side, there is a strong Quaker connection.  Three of note were David Deschler, Joseph Tatnall, and Benjamin Chew.  Interestingly, all three hosted George Washington in their homes at times, but they dealt with their pacifism and the war in different manners.  David was perhaps the most involved providing supplies, money, and eventually serving as the Commissary of the Army in 1780.    David was also a man of principle supporting the Revolution, but also once defending a British officer who was traveling with his family from an angry crowd of militia members in Philadelphia.  Joseph Tatnall, a mill owner, also worked hard to keep the Continental Army in flour and had constant contact with Washington.  Benjamin Chew stuck to his material neutrality offering only legal advice to those serving in the Continental Congress and advocating for protest leading to a peaceful resolution rather than declaring independence.  While David and Joseph retained the full goodwill of their neighbors and new countrymen, Benjamin's road, because of his why-can't-we-all-be-friends approach, was rougher.

Those who served were old and young.  Though my mother has told me often of a little drummer lad in the family who went to war I have yet to discover that intrepid boy.  The youngest I have been able to find is Ensign John DePeyster Douw who joined at 19.  The oldest was Colonel Samuel Coit who led his Connecticut regiment for a year before being replaced at age 73.  They also came from nearly every colony so there was diversity in this regard if not in other areas.

"Mrs. Johnston died in that city, but we have no record of the date of her death or where interred."  In Some Pennsylvania Women during the War of the Revolution (1898 see here).

But what about the women?  The above quote says a lot about that issue.  The Mrs. Johnston in question was Alice Erwin Johnston wife of Colonel Francis Johnston and she broke with her Quaker community and worked hard to get food and supplies to soldiers during the war.  This was particularly true about Valley Forge where her husband served with Washington and another Francis (Chaffin) who died there of small pox even with the efforts of Alice and her allies.  Luckily, we actually do know where Alice was buried and then reburied, but even in a book dedicated to acknowledging the role of women in the Revolution details about women were omitted or overlooked.  Odd that.

This walk through history is interesting but how do we judge it and our collective role?  What does it mean for the future?  In essence, what is the point?  My sense is that revolution is much like soil tilling in that it gives a clean slate on which to grow dreams like those expressed by Gouverneur Morris in the Preamble.  Perhaps we should not be measured by the quality or quantity of our disturbance as I have documented above, but by the crops ultimately produced.   And even there my desire would be that we evaluate ourselves more by the flowers nourished and enabled rather than just in terms beets and broccoli.

Alexander Johnston Cassatt by Mary Cassatt.  Alexander helped his sister promote her art in the US.  They are both great-great grandchildren of Alexander Johnston who immigrated from Ireland and was father to Francis.  

Our families have a lot of these exceptional "flowers" growing from various branches.  I bumped into two, in addition to Alice Johnston, while writing this piece.  The first was the impressionist painter Mary Cassatt who called Colonel Francis Johnston great-great uncle.  I knew of her connection to the Johnston line but not of her brother's efforts on her behalf.  The other was Lillie Hitchcock Coit of San Francisco's Coit Tower fame who was married for a time to Benjamin Howard Coit great-great-great grandson of Colonel Samuel Coit.  In this in-laws count just as transplants do in a garden.

Illustration from one of Mary Lanman Douw's books.  The Rapelye (Rapalje) cradle was where Sarah Joris Rapalje was rocked after being born in the New Netherlands in 1625.  She was the first female child born in the new colony at Fort Orange (Albany).

In addition to a painter and fire-chasing, trouser-wearing philanthropist in our extended family we also have writers.  One such was Mary Lanman Douw who wrote much about history, genealogy, and the early Dutch experience in the New World.   Nina Chandler Murray is another author who penned a book about an epic family cruise to the Galapagos Islands.  I would also include Winifred Marshall Gales, the first female novelist in North Carolina, within this group too even though she was in England during the Revolution, because her public sympathy to this revolt and breaking away led to her and her husband Joseph Gales Sr. being chased out of England one step in front to the law.   The fact that the Gales entertained folks like Thomas Paine of Common Sense fame in their home and printed some of his material probably helped along this process of moving from liking the American stance to being American.

Award-winning teacher Lauren Bergland Rosenberg at work.

My grandmother Edna Dora Robb also was one of these flowers.  She wrote about her experiences in post-World War I Alaska in Field and Stream Magazine, but she is better known as a school teacher who as a single woman went to the relative wilds of Seward to teach before marrying my grandfather at the start of the Roaring Twenties.  And there are other teachers too like second cousins once removed Lauren Bergland Rosenberg (above) and Patty Lavarias who are both probably going to look at my grammar. 

In closing, I will say that we are living in dark times, but the strength, creativity, and sensibility of the women in our families and lines gives me hope.  I gain this feeling, because these women might be the ones who inspire or lead this next revolutionary adjustment or needed democratic booster shot.  Maybe they can do so in a better and more enlightened manner than our more recent forbearers did in the mid-1800s.  It might also be good time for those of us not women to model Alexander Cassatt by recognizing this talent, however different, and supporting it.

The above is something that we should think about this July 4th as we celebrate the work of our Founding Fathers and simultaneously mourn how far we have drifted away from our founding principles and the vision expressed in the US Constitution.  We need to return to protecting all within our country from the corrupting forces of a too-empowered elite, over-entitled corporate interests, and the dangerous re-emergence of the functional equivalent of a state church or religion.  We should recognize this trio for what they are: the catalysts for the original Revolution.  So enjoy the fireworks, but get your shoes ready to march on as the fife and drum are calling!
 

American Dreaming

By Bob Ferris

Three feet from where I write sits a nondescript, rectangular cardboard box.  It was shipped to me by my late father a few years before he passed.  It was done with little fanfare and was not insured or bubble-wrapped.  But in it rests nearly two dozen volumes many of which are from James Fenimore Cooper’s Leatherstocking Tales—a collection of first or second editions owned by my ancestor Col. John De Peyster Douw (1812-1901) and in our family for five generations.  I do not display them as they have fire-blackened spines and resemble more crinkly, late-fall leaves than fully functioning books.   But they are there still for me to occasionally contemplate if not actually read and hold.  They are a heart of sorts, unseen but functioning.

These books come to mind now for two reasons.  The first is that I recently had a conversation with my wife Carlene about Jane Austen.  Which caused me to think about Cooper because the one catalyzed the other in that Cooper’s writing career is rumored to have come out of a spousal challenge when James’ wife Susan was critical of Jane Austen.   The end result of my conversation was that my wife and I agreed that both Austen and Cooper were first and foremost trying to shape culture.  Austen was attempting to point those of a certain social standing in England towards an enlightened view of themselves and Cooper was trying to tell a young country how it should be.

It is important in this to understand that Cooper was wholly American having been born the same year the US Constitution was ratified in his eventual home of New York State. And Baby James was just ten days old when the Bill of Rights was adopted.  Cooper’s early breaths were essentially drawn from the same air that dried the ink on these documents.  He was truly and purely “Born in the USA” nearly two centuries before Bruce Springsteen wrote his iconic song.  Interestingly, Cooper and Springsteen were both born in New Jersey150 years to the month apart.  And “The Boss” was delivered to us in Monmouth County an area named for my Morris ancestors' Welsh homelands which brings me to reason two for my thinking of these books (see also Penelope Van Princis Stout).  

The second reason has to do with my ancestor Lewis Morris III and his half-brother Gouverneur Morris.  Lewis signed the Declaration of Independence and Gouverneur word-smithed much of the US Constitution including the Preamble.  Gouverneur reportedly coined the words "We, the People" in response to states not playing well in the developing political sandbox first sketched in pencil by the Articles of Confederation.  My position in that particular realm is that the younger Morris was not so much describing America in the Preamble but offering up a vision statement of what America should be.  Its preferred state not the current one.

Although the US Constitution has been criticized because it initially allowed abuses inconsistent with its verbiage and Cooper’s writings discounted as they are somewhat mythical rather than truly reflective or accurate, I think those critics might miss the point.  My sense is that Morris and Cooper were both trying to give hints about how American should be.  In this I get mentally whipsawed by attempting to differentiate between myth and dream.  I tend to gravitate more toward these being dreams pulling us along a path to a bright future as opposed to myths which seem more like anchors.

Much is made in these literary critiques about the myth of American Exceptionalism (1,2,3).  How Cooper somehow wanted to create this myth in these books.  A bit of literary manipulation.  I wonder where the sin is in this?  Who doesn't want to encourage the young and just-forming on to greatness. The fault, if there is fault, might be more with us for not living up to the promise of our young selves, particularly now.  But these are analyses for those more keen on this topic and better trained in this arena.   

"The Wolvenhoeck house was surrounded by a circular stockade. It stood twelve feet high, and was made of oak posts which had been pointed and bolted to transverse timbers, having a gate, pointed on both the upper and lower sides, which was raised by weights in a gallows frame. Many Indian treaties were executed inside this little stockade, and at such times the chiefs and their squaws slept on their buffalo robes inside the limits, while their band found shelter under the trees along the river bank."  See here for more complete description.  

Back to this collection of books and who owned and read them.  Col. John De Peyster Douw was an interesting fellow who descended from several prominent Dutch families that came early to the New World.  His father of the same name served in the Revolutionary War participating in the Clinton-Sullivan Campaign of 1779 after graduating from Yale in 1776.  John Sr. was a friend of General Lafayette’s and as a result his near-teen-aged son was for a time part of the Lafayette’s body guard during the Frenchman’s last visit to the United States (1824-1825). John Sr. was the son of Volkert Douw who also served during the Revolution in various capacities and grew up on an estate known as Wolvenhoeck (Wolf Point) often visited by wolves and Indians. 

DeWitt Clinton Locomotive circa 1831. 

After attending Albany Academy, Flushing Military Academy on Long Island and the Chittenago Polytechnic  Institute, young John worked for a year as an engineer on the Albany-Schenectady Railroad before traveling to Europe.  Upon his return he studied law like his father and became a Judge Advocate with the New State Militia eventually serving in the administration of Governor William H. Seward who went on to be Lincoln's Secretary of State.  He seemed to retire from these activities in the mid-1840s.

Fort Crailo the home of Hendrick and Catherina Van Rensselaer named for the Van Rensselaer ancestral estate in Holland and purportedly the site where the ditty "Yankee Doddle" was written. 

Col. John was a man of means who had real no need of a profession. His grandmother was a Van Rensselaer, the original founders of the Dutch colony in the New World, and at the time of his birth his family had been in North America nearly two centuries.   I will note that it is not easy dealing with Van Rensselaer genealogy as they tended to marry within the family often choosing first cousins once removed for mates.  In this case, Col. John descended from two children of Hendrick and Catherina Van Rensselaer: Anna and Killiaen. But he also descends from two children of Petrus and Anna Douw (Maria and Volkert) who also descend from Hendrick and Catherina making Maria Douw both his grandmother and great-aunt.  It must work on some level because Petrus and Anna are also the great-great grandparents of Herman Melville of Moby Dick fame.   

From biography of Herman Melville.  Maria in this case was Herman's mother and Gansevoort is Herman's elder brother. 

In light of the above it is not surprising that Col. John married first his cousin Margaret Schuyler Van Rensselaer in 1837.  They had two children before divorcing or separating in 1851 (Melville biographer Hershel Parker mentioned that a relative called De Peyster's second marriage "dubious" pp. 204).  

Marianna Chandler Lanman Douw

Given his family's innate predilection for grabbing what was close and related it is hard to imagine how he and his second wife Marianna Chandler Lanman who was living in Connecticut came together to have five children, but they did.   Marianna who was born in Monroe, Michigan in 1826 was the daughter of a woman who survived the infamous Frenchtown Massacre during the War of 1812.  Whew.

Inside the cover of Col. John's copy of the Spy we find these clippings which indicate that this book passed through the hands of his daughter Mary Lanman Douw Ferris who was notorious for pasting clippings on everything (see here for more on Cornelius Van Wyck).   

The Douws before Col. John and beyond seemed to spread rather than migrate and nearly all that time they sat near the center of commerce and in places of power.  All this presupposes that his library was the result of accumulation and likely extensive. John and his relatives were astute people familiar with war, wildlife, Indians, America’s history and things of a pioneer nature. But they bought, read and collected these books including some of Cooper's non-fiction works talking about the nature of America.  Then they passed them on. Why?  These were not people who needed to be told about the American experience.  They lived it.  Yet they were clearly Cooper fans of a type.  Part of this could be that Cooper told thinly-veiled histories of their own stories, but I think too that they were interested in thinking about the dream and their part in it.